Excavation Contract Types in Kenya: Unit Rate vs. Lump Sum vs. Daywork
Compare excavation contract types in Kenya — unit rate, lump sum and daywork. Understand risk allocation, payment terms, variation orders and which structure best protects your project budget.
Table of Contents
- Overview of Excavation Contract Types in Kenya
- Unit Rate Contracts for Excavation Works
- Lump Sum Contracts for Earthworks
- Daywork Rates for Emergency and Additional Works
- Comparison Table: Which Contract Type Fits Your Project?
- How to Structure Payment Terms
- Managing Variations and Claims
- Frequently Asked Questions
Choosing the right contract structure for excavation works in Kenya is one of the most consequential decisions a developer or procurement officer makes. Get it wrong, and you face budget blowouts, contractor disputes, or abandoned sites. Get it right, and you create a transparent, mutually accountable partnership that keeps earthworks on schedule and within budget.
At Trust Partners Geo-Group Ltd, we have executed excavation projects under every contract type — from unit rate county road contracts to lump sum private basement developments and daywork emergency dewatering operations. This guide explains how each structure works, who bears the risk, and which model fits your project.
Overview of Excavation Contract Types in Kenya
Kenyan construction contracts generally fall into three pricing models for earthworks:
- Unit Rate (Measure and Value) — Payment based on actual measured quantities at agreed rates per unit (m³, m, day, hour).
- Lump Sum (Fixed Price) — A single fixed price for the entire scope, with limited adjustment mechanisms.
- Daywork (Time and Materials) — Payment for labour, equipment, and materials at agreed hourly/daily rates, plus a percentage markup.
Each model allocates risk differently between the client (developer or government) and the contractor. The choice depends on scope certainty, ground conditions, project duration, and the sophistication of your tender documentation. Before selecting a contract type, ensure your scope of works is clearly defined and your contractor bids have been properly evaluated.
Unit Rate Contracts for Excavation Works
How Unit Rate Contracts Work
In a unit rate contract, the Bill of Quantities (BOQ) lists every item of work with an estimated quantity and an agreed unit rate. The contractor is paid for the actual quantity executed, measured and certified by the engineer.
Typical unit rate items for excavation include:
| BOQ Item | Unit | Typical Rate (KES) |
|---|---|---|
| Bulk excavation in soil | m³ | 1,500 – 2,500 |
| Bulk excavation in rock | m³ | 3,500 – 6,000 |
| Trench excavation | m³ | 1,800 – 3,000 |
| Backfilling with selected material | m³ | 1,200 – 2,000 |
| Cart away surplus spoil | m³ | 800 – 1,500 |
| Compaction testing | test | 5,000 – 12,000 |
The final contract value is calculated as: Actual Quantity × Agreed Unit Rate = Payment. If the actual excavation volume exceeds the BOQ estimate by 20%, the client pays 20% more. If it is less, the client saves.
Advantages of Unit Rate Contracts
- Transparency — Every payment is tied to a measurable unit. Clients see exactly where money goes.
- Flexibility — Scope changes are accommodated by applying existing rates or negotiating new ones.
- Fair Risk Sharing — The client bears quantity risk; the contractor bears productivity and methodology risk.
- Competitive Tendering — Contractors bid confidently because they are not guessing at total volumes.
- Easier Cash Flow — Monthly interim certificates based on measured works keep the contractor funded.
Risks and Disadvantages
- Budget Uncertainty — Final cost is unknown until completion. A 30% quantity overrun translates to a 30% budget overrun.
- Measurement Disputes — Clients and contractors may disagree on how quantities are measured (bulking factors, shrinkage, void ratios).
- Rate Inflation — Contractors may front-load rates on early items to improve cash flow, leaving low margins on later items.
- Administrative Burden — Requires frequent site measurement, engineer certification, and rate verification.
Best Projects for Unit Rate Pricing
Unit rate contracts are ideal for:
- Basement excavations where depth and dewatering duration are uncertain
- County road projects with variable terrain and soil conditions
- Utility trenching where route adjustments are likely
- Projects without comprehensive geotechnical surveys
- Emergency works where scope cannot be fully defined upfront
Lump Sum Contracts for Earthworks
How Lump Sum Contracts Work
A lump sum contract fixes the total price for the entire earthworks scope. The contractor agrees to complete all work described in the contract documents for a single stated amount — say, KES 45 million for a basement excavation, including spoil disposal, backfilling, and compaction testing.
Payment is typically structured as:
- Mobilisation — 10–15% upon contract signing
- Interim Milestones — 30% at 50% completion, 30% at 80% completion
- Practical Completion — 20% upon handover
- Retention — 10% held for 6–12 months (defects liability period)
When to Use Lump Sum for Excavation
Lump sum works best when:
- A detailed geotechnical investigation has been completed (soil type, water table, rock depth known)
- The scope is clearly defined with accurate topographic and formation level surveys
- The project is straightforward — e.g., a single-level basement in stable red soil
- The client has a fixed budget and cannot tolerate cost overruns
- The contractor has extensive experience with similar projects and can price confidently
⚠️ Warning: Lump Sum in Uncertain Ground
Never use a lump sum contract for basement excavation in expansive black cotton soil or high water-table areas without a comprehensive geotechnical report. Contractors will either price in excessive contingency (making the bid uncompetitive) or under-price and claim variations later.
Risk Allocation in Lump Sum Contracts
In a lump sum contract, the contractor absorbs most risks:
- Quantity Risk — If actual excavation exceeds estimates, the contractor bears the cost.
- Productivity Risk — Slow equipment or labour inefficiency erodes the contractor's margin.
- Ground Condition Risk — Unless the contract includes a "changed conditions" clause, unexpected rock or groundwater is the contractor's problem.
The client retains:
- Scope Risk — If the client changes the design, a variation order is issued.
- Payment Risk — Late payments can trigger contractor slowdowns or suspension.
Daywork Rates for Emergency and Additional Works
Daywork rates apply to work outside the original contract scope, executed on a time-and-material basis. They are typically 15–25% higher than scheduled rates to compensate the contractor for disruption and unplanned mobilisation.
Common daywork scenarios in excavation:
- Emergency dewatering after unexpected rainfall or burst water mains
- Rock breaking encountered below the predicted rock line
- Utility relocation not shown on as-built drawings
- Additional trenching ordered by the engineer for drainage or cable routing
- Weekend or night-shift work to recover programme delays
Daywork rates should be pre-agreed in the contract and listed in the BOQ preliminaries. A typical daywork schedule includes:
| Resource | Unit | Rate (KES) |
|---|---|---|
| Excavator operator (skilled) | hour | 800 – 1,200 |
| General labourer | hour | 300 – 500 |
| 30-ton excavator with fuel | hour | 12,000 – 18,000 |
| 40-ton dump truck with fuel | hour | 5,000 – 8,000 |
| Contractor's markup (overhead & profit) | % | 15 – 20% |
✅ Best Practice
Cap daywork expenditure at 5–10% of the contract value. Without a cap, contractors have an incentive to prolong daywork tasks. Always require the engineer's written instruction before daywork commences — verbal approvals lead to disputes.
Comparison Table: Which Contract Type Fits Your Project?
| Factor | Unit Rate | Lump Sum | Daywork |
|---|---|---|---|
| Budget certainty | Low – final cost unknown | High – fixed price | Very low – open-ended |
| Scope flexibility | High – easy variations | Low – variations costly | Highest – no scope limit |
| Client risk | Quantity overrun risk | Low (if scope fixed) | Cost escalation risk |
| Contractor risk | Productivity risk only | Quantity + ground risk | Minimal – paid hourly |
| Admin burden | High – frequent measurement | Low – milestone payments | High – daily timesheets |
| Best for | Uncertain quantities | Well-defined scope | Emergency / extras |
| Typical project | Basement, road, trench | Standard foundation | Rock hit, rain damage |
| Payment trigger | Measured quantity | Milestone completion | Timesheet + materials |
| Variation handling | Apply existing rates | Negotiate new price | Pre-agreed daywork rates |
| Cost control | Requires active monitoring | Easier (if scope fixed) | Requires strict caps |
How to Structure Payment Terms
Payment terms are as important as the pricing model. Poorly structured terms starve the contractor of working capital or expose the client to advance payment fraud. Recommended structures by contract type:
Unit Rate Contracts
- Monthly interim certificates based on measured works (certified by engineer within 14 days)
- 10% retention held until practical completion, then 5% until end of defects liability period
- No mobilisation advance (contractor funds themselves from unit rate cash flow)
- Price adjustment clause for fuel price fluctuations exceeding ±10%
Lump Sum Contracts
- 10% mobilisation advance against a bank guarantee
- Milestone payments tied to measurable progress (e.g., 25% at 50% excavation, 25% at completion)
- 10% retention until defects liability period ends
- Liquidated damages for late completion (e.g., 0.05% of contract value per day)
Daywork Contracts
- Weekly payment based on signed timesheets and material invoices
- 15–20% markup on labour and equipment; materials at cost plus 5%
- Engineer's daily verification required — no signature, no payment
- Maximum daywork value capped at 10% of main contract
Managing Variations and Claims
Variations are the leading cause of disputes in Kenyan excavation contracts. Whether you are on a unit rate or lump sum agreement, a disciplined variation process protects both parties.
- Written Instruction Only — The engineer must issue a written variation order before work begins. Verbal instructions are unenforceable.
- Rate Application Hierarchy — (a) Use existing BOQ rates if applicable, (b) Derive from similar items, (c) Submit new rates with cost breakdown for approval.
- Time Impact Analysis — Every variation affecting the critical path must include an extension-of-time claim. Delays caused by client-directed changes are not the contractor's fault.
- Dispute Resolution — Escalate through: Engineer → Adjudicator → Arbitration (per the Construction Industry Arbitration Rules, Kenya). Litigation is slow and expensive.
- Record Keeping — Maintain daily site diaries, photo logs, and measurement sheets. In a dispute, the party with better records wins.
💡 Pro Tip for Developers
Include a "changed ground conditions" clause in lump sum contracts. If the contractor encounters soil or rock conditions materially different from the geotechnical report, the contract converts to unit rate for the affected section. This prevents contractor default and keeps the project moving.
Frequently Asked Questions
A unit rate contract prices each item of work individually (e.g., KES 2,000 per m³ of excavation), and the final contract value depends on the actual quantities measured on site. A lump sum contract fixes the total price for the entire scope upfront, regardless of minor quantity fluctuations. Unit rate contracts shift quantity risk to the client, while lump sum contracts shift it to the contractor. Unit rate is best when quantities are uncertain; lump sum is best when the scope is clearly defined.
Daywork rates should be used for emergency works, unforeseen ground conditions, or additional instructions issued outside the original contract scope. Common scenarios include: hitting unexpected rock that requires breaker attachments, emergency dewatering after heavy rains, utility relocation not shown on drawings, and additional trenching ordered by the engineer. Daywork rates are typically 15–25% higher than scheduled rates to cover the contractor's disruption and mobilisation costs.
For basement excavation in Kenya, a unit rate contract is generally preferred because basement projects carry high quantity uncertainty — dewatering duration, rock encounters, and spoil volumes are difficult to predict accurately. A lump sum contract is only advisable when a thorough geotechnical investigation has been completed, the water table is well understood, and the basement depth is standard (1–2 levels). For deep basements (3+ levels) or sites in high water-table areas like Parklands or Kilimani, unit rate with a cap (target cost) offers the best balance of cost control and risk sharing.
In a unit rate contract, variation orders are straightforward: new or changed items are priced using the agreed unit rates where applicable. If the variation introduces work not covered by the existing rates, the contractor submits a new rate for approval based on actual cost plus a reasonable margin (typically 10–15%). The engineer evaluates the rate against market benchmarks before approval. Because the contract already has a rate structure, disputes are minimised. However, clients should watch for contractors inflating new rates or claiming that changed conditions justify rate increases beyond the agreed terms.
The primary risk of lump sum earthworks contracts is that the contractor may have under-priced the work to win the tender, then cuts corners or submits aggressive variation claims to recover margins. Other risks include: (1) Contractor abandonment if costs exceed the fixed price, (2) Disputes over what is 'included' versus 'extra' when ground conditions differ from expectations, (3) Reduced quality as the contractor seeks to minimise costs, (4) Difficulty enforcing programme acceleration since the contractor has no financial incentive to work faster, and (5) The client loses transparency — you cannot see where money is being spent. To mitigate these risks, always require a detailed method statement, geotechnical report, and a cap on variation percentages.
Get a Transparent Quote from Trust Partners
Unsure which contract type suits your excavation project? Trust Partners Geo-Group offers transparent, flexible contracting under unit rate, lump sum, or hybrid structures. Contact us for a tailored proposal.
📞 +254 718 68 69 67Get a Cost Estimate
Excavation Contract Types in Kenya: Unit Rate vs. Lump Sum vs. Daywork
Compare excavation contract types in Kenya — unit rate, lump sum and daywork. Understand risk allocation, payment terms, variation orders and which structure best protects your project budget.
Table of Contents
- Overview of Excavation Contract Types in Kenya
- Unit Rate Contracts for Excavation Works
- Lump Sum Contracts for Earthworks
- Daywork Rates for Emergency and Additional Works
- Comparison Table: Which Contract Type Fits Your Project?
- How to Structure Payment Terms
- Managing Variations and Claims
- Frequently Asked Questions
Choosing the right contract structure for excavation works in Kenya is one of the most consequential decisions a developer or procurement officer makes. Get it wrong, and you face budget blowouts, contractor disputes, or abandoned sites. Get it right, and you create a transparent, mutually accountable partnership that keeps earthworks on schedule and within budget.
At Trust Partners Geo-Group Ltd, we have executed excavation projects under every contract type — from unit rate county road contracts to lump sum private basement developments and daywork emergency dewatering operations. This guide explains how each structure works, who bears the risk, and which model fits your project.
Overview of Excavation Contract Types in Kenya
Kenyan construction contracts generally fall into three pricing models for earthworks:
- Unit Rate (Measure and Value) — Payment based on actual measured quantities at agreed rates per unit (m³, m, day, hour).
- Lump Sum (Fixed Price) — A single fixed price for the entire scope, with limited adjustment mechanisms.
- Daywork (Time and Materials) — Payment for labour, equipment, and materials at agreed hourly/daily rates, plus a percentage markup.
Each model allocates risk differently between the client (developer or government) and the contractor. The choice depends on scope certainty, ground conditions, project duration, and the sophistication of your tender documentation. Before selecting a contract type, ensure your scope of works is clearly defined and your contractor bids have been properly evaluated.
Unit Rate Contracts for Excavation Works
How Unit Rate Contracts Work
In a unit rate contract, the Bill of Quantities (BOQ) lists every item of work with an estimated quantity and an agreed unit rate. The contractor is paid for the actual quantity executed, measured and certified by the engineer.
Typical unit rate items for excavation include:
| BOQ Item | Unit | Typical Rate (KES) |
|---|---|---|
| Bulk excavation in soil | m³ | 1,500 – 2,500 |
| Bulk excavation in rock | m³ | 3,500 – 6,000 |
| Trench excavation | m³ | 1,800 – 3,000 |
| Backfilling with selected material | m³ | 1,200 – 2,000 |
| Cart away surplus spoil | m³ | 800 – 1,500 |
| Compaction testing | test | 5,000 – 12,000 |
The final contract value is calculated as: Actual Quantity × Agreed Unit Rate = Payment. If the actual excavation volume exceeds the BOQ estimate by 20%, the client pays 20% more. If it is less, the client saves.
Advantages of Unit Rate Contracts
- Transparency — Every payment is tied to a measurable unit. Clients see exactly where money goes.
- Flexibility — Scope changes are accommodated by applying existing rates or negotiating new ones.
- Fair Risk Sharing — The client bears quantity risk; the contractor bears productivity and methodology risk.
- Competitive Tendering — Contractors bid confidently because they are not guessing at total volumes.
- Easier Cash Flow — Monthly interim certificates based on measured works keep the contractor funded.
Risks and Disadvantages
- Budget Uncertainty — Final cost is unknown until completion. A 30% quantity overrun translates to a 30% budget overrun.
- Measurement Disputes — Clients and contractors may disagree on how quantities are measured (bulking factors, shrinkage, void ratios).
- Rate Inflation — Contractors may front-load rates on early items to improve cash flow, leaving low margins on later items.
- Administrative Burden — Requires frequent site measurement, engineer certification, and rate verification.
Best Projects for Unit Rate Pricing
Unit rate contracts are ideal for:
- Basement excavations where depth and dewatering duration are uncertain
- County road projects with variable terrain and soil conditions
- Utility trenching where route adjustments are likely
- Projects without comprehensive geotechnical surveys
- Emergency works where scope cannot be fully defined upfront
Lump Sum Contracts for Earthworks
How Lump Sum Contracts Work
A lump sum contract fixes the total price for the entire earthworks scope. The contractor agrees to complete all work described in the contract documents for a single stated amount — say, KES 45 million for a basement excavation, including spoil disposal, backfilling, and compaction testing.
Payment is typically structured as:
- Mobilisation — 10–15% upon contract signing
- Interim Milestones — 30% at 50% completion, 30% at 80% completion
- Practical Completion — 20% upon handover
- Retention — 10% held for 6–12 months (defects liability period)
When to Use Lump Sum for Excavation
Lump sum works best when:
- A detailed geotechnical investigation has been completed (soil type, water table, rock depth known)
- The scope is clearly defined with accurate topographic and formation level surveys
- The project is straightforward — e.g., a single-level basement in stable red soil
- The client has a fixed budget and cannot tolerate cost overruns
- The contractor has extensive experience with similar projects and can price confidently
⚠️ Warning: Lump Sum in Uncertain Ground
Never use a lump sum contract for basement excavation in expansive black cotton soil or high water-table areas without a comprehensive geotechnical report. Contractors will either price in excessive contingency (making the bid uncompetitive) or under-price and claim variations later.
Risk Allocation in Lump Sum Contracts
In a lump sum contract, the contractor absorbs most risks:
- Quantity Risk — If actual excavation exceeds estimates, the contractor bears the cost.
- Productivity Risk — Slow equipment or labour inefficiency erodes the contractor's margin.
- Ground Condition Risk — Unless the contract includes a "changed conditions" clause, unexpected rock or groundwater is the contractor's problem.
The client retains:
- Scope Risk — If the client changes the design, a variation order is issued.
- Payment Risk — Late payments can trigger contractor slowdowns or suspension.
Daywork Rates for Emergency and Additional Works
Daywork rates apply to work outside the original contract scope, executed on a time-and-material basis. They are typically 15–25% higher than scheduled rates to compensate the contractor for disruption and unplanned mobilisation.
Common daywork scenarios in excavation:
- Emergency dewatering after unexpected rainfall or burst water mains
- Rock breaking encountered below the predicted rock line
- Utility relocation not shown on as-built drawings
- Additional trenching ordered by the engineer for drainage or cable routing
- Weekend or night-shift work to recover programme delays
Daywork rates should be pre-agreed in the contract and listed in the BOQ preliminaries. A typical daywork schedule includes:
| Resource | Unit | Rate (KES) |
|---|---|---|
| Excavator operator (skilled) | hour | 800 – 1,200 |
| General labourer | hour | 300 – 500 |
| 30-ton excavator with fuel | hour | 12,000 – 18,000 |
| 40-ton dump truck with fuel | hour | 5,000 – 8,000 |
| Contractor's markup (overhead & profit) | % | 15 – 20% |
✅ Best Practice
Cap daywork expenditure at 5–10% of the contract value. Without a cap, contractors have an incentive to prolong daywork tasks. Always require the engineer's written instruction before daywork commences — verbal approvals lead to disputes.
Comparison Table: Which Contract Type Fits Your Project?
| Factor | Unit Rate | Lump Sum | Daywork |
|---|---|---|---|
| Budget certainty | Low – final cost unknown | High – fixed price | Very low – open-ended |
| Scope flexibility | High – easy variations | Low – variations costly | Highest – no scope limit |
| Client risk | Quantity overrun risk | Low (if scope fixed) | Cost escalation risk |
| Contractor risk | Productivity risk only | Quantity + ground risk | Minimal – paid hourly |
| Admin burden | High – frequent measurement | Low – milestone payments | High – daily timesheets |
| Best for | Uncertain quantities | Well-defined scope | Emergency / extras |
| Typical project | Basement, road, trench | Standard foundation | Rock hit, rain damage |
| Payment trigger | Measured quantity | Milestone completion | Timesheet + materials |
| Variation handling | Apply existing rates | Negotiate new price | Pre-agreed daywork rates |
| Cost control | Requires active monitoring | Easier (if scope fixed) | Requires strict caps |
How to Structure Payment Terms
Payment terms are as important as the pricing model. Poorly structured terms starve the contractor of working capital or expose the client to advance payment fraud. Recommended structures by contract type:
Unit Rate Contracts
- Monthly interim certificates based on measured works (certified by engineer within 14 days)
- 10% retention held until practical completion, then 5% until end of defects liability period
- No mobilisation advance (contractor funds themselves from unit rate cash flow)
- Price adjustment clause for fuel price fluctuations exceeding ±10%
Lump Sum Contracts
- 10% mobilisation advance against a bank guarantee
- Milestone payments tied to measurable progress (e.g., 25% at 50% excavation, 25% at completion)
- 10% retention until defects liability period ends
- Liquidated damages for late completion (e.g., 0.05% of contract value per day)
Daywork Contracts
- Weekly payment based on signed timesheets and material invoices
- 15–20% markup on labour and equipment; materials at cost plus 5%
- Engineer's daily verification required — no signature, no payment
- Maximum daywork value capped at 10% of main contract
Managing Variations and Claims
Variations are the leading cause of disputes in Kenyan excavation contracts. Whether you are on a unit rate or lump sum agreement, a disciplined variation process protects both parties.
- Written Instruction Only — The engineer must issue a written variation order before work begins. Verbal instructions are unenforceable.
- Rate Application Hierarchy — (a) Use existing BOQ rates if applicable, (b) Derive from similar items, (c) Submit new rates with cost breakdown for approval.
- Time Impact Analysis — Every variation affecting the critical path must include an extension-of-time claim. Delays caused by client-directed changes are not the contractor's fault.
- Dispute Resolution — Escalate through: Engineer → Adjudicator → Arbitration (per the Construction Industry Arbitration Rules, Kenya). Litigation is slow and expensive.
- Record Keeping — Maintain daily site diaries, photo logs, and measurement sheets. In a dispute, the party with better records wins.
💡 Pro Tip for Developers
Include a "changed ground conditions" clause in lump sum contracts. If the contractor encounters soil or rock conditions materially different from the geotechnical report, the contract converts to unit rate for the affected section. This prevents contractor default and keeps the project moving.
Frequently Asked Questions
A unit rate contract prices each item of work individually (e.g., KES 2,000 per m³ of excavation), and the final contract value depends on the actual quantities measured on site. A lump sum contract fixes the total price for the entire scope upfront, regardless of minor quantity fluctuations. Unit rate contracts shift quantity risk to the client, while lump sum contracts shift it to the contractor. Unit rate is best when quantities are uncertain; lump sum is best when the scope is clearly defined.
Daywork rates should be used for emergency works, unforeseen ground conditions, or additional instructions issued outside the original contract scope. Common scenarios include: hitting unexpected rock that requires breaker attachments, emergency dewatering after heavy rains, utility relocation not shown on drawings, and additional trenching ordered by the engineer. Daywork rates are typically 15–25% higher than scheduled rates to cover the contractor's disruption and mobilisation costs.
For basement excavation in Kenya, a unit rate contract is generally preferred because basement projects carry high quantity uncertainty — dewatering duration, rock encounters, and spoil volumes are difficult to predict accurately. A lump sum contract is only advisable when a thorough geotechnical investigation has been completed, the water table is well understood, and the basement depth is standard (1–2 levels). For deep basements (3+ levels) or sites in high water-table areas like Parklands or Kilimani, unit rate with a cap (target cost) offers the best balance of cost control and risk sharing.
In a unit rate contract, variation orders are straightforward: new or changed items are priced using the agreed unit rates where applicable. If the variation introduces work not covered by the existing rates, the contractor submits a new rate for approval based on actual cost plus a reasonable margin (typically 10–15%). The engineer evaluates the rate against market benchmarks before approval. Because the contract already has a rate structure, disputes are minimised. However, clients should watch for contractors inflating new rates or claiming that changed conditions justify rate increases beyond the agreed terms.
The primary risk of lump sum earthworks contracts is that the contractor may have under-priced the work to win the tender, then cuts corners or submits aggressive variation claims to recover margins. Other risks include: (1) Contractor abandonment if costs exceed the fixed price, (2) Disputes over what is 'included' versus 'extra' when ground conditions differ from expectations, (3) Reduced quality as the contractor seeks to minimise costs, (4) Difficulty enforcing programme acceleration since the contractor has no financial incentive to work faster, and (5) The client loses transparency — you cannot see where money is being spent. To mitigate these risks, always require a detailed method statement, geotechnical report, and a cap on variation percentages.
Get a Transparent Quote from Trust Partners
Unsure which contract type suits your excavation project? Trust Partners Geo-Group offers transparent, flexible contracting under unit rate, lump sum, or hybrid structures. Contact us for a tailored proposal.
📞 +254 718 68 69 67Get a Cost Estimate
